Race is the primary risk factor for developing melanoma, with fair-skinned races at significantly greater risk than darker-skinned races. This is because darker-skinned races produce more melanin, the pigment that gives color to skin and hair, and protects the skin against damage from ultraviolet radiation. In the United States, white Americans are 20 times more likely to develop melanoma than African Americans. Worldwide, white populations have the highest risk of developing melanoma, and Asian populations the lowest risk. ¹

It is important to note while whites are at increased risk, melanoma affects people of all races. Acral lentiginous melanoma is the most common melanoma in African Americans and Asians. It is usually located on parts of the body not typically exposed to the sun, including the palms, soles, and under the nails. Because of the misconceptions that melanomas only occur in sun-exposed areas, and that dark-skinned and Asian people are not at risk for melanoma, acral lentiginous melanomas are often diagnosed in later stages when they are more difficult to treat effectively. A tendency to mistake the early signs of acral lentiginous melanoma for bruises or injuries to the palms, soles, or nailbeds may further delay diagnosis.